GreenlyToronto: frost dates
Canada
| Last spring frost | around 26 April |
|---|---|
| First autumn frost | around 30 October |
| Frost-free days | 187 days |
Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.
When to sow and plant
| Crop | Sow for seedlings | Plant out in a greenhouse | Open ground |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bell Pepper | 23 February | 8 May | 29 May |
| Chili Pepper | 10 March | 23 May | 13 June |
| Corn | — | 24 April | sow 15 May |
| Cucumber | 27 March | 8 May | 29 May |
| Eggplant | 27 February | 8 May | 29 May |
| Green Beans | 18 March | 24 April | 15 May |
| Melon | 17 March | 8 May | 29 May |
| Peas | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Physalis | 15 March | 29 April | 20 May |
| Pumpkin | 23 March | 29 April | 20 May |
| Sweet Corn | — | 24 April | sow 15 May |
| Tomato | 3 March | 29 April | 20 May |
| Watermelon | 6 April | 8 May | 29 May |
| Zucchini | 28 March | 29 April | 20 May |
Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day.
Planted in autumn
| Crop | Plant around |
|---|---|
| Crocus | 30 September |
| Daffodil | 30 September |
| Garlic | 30 September |
| Hyacinth | 30 September |
| Lily | 30 September |
| Tulip | 30 September |
A month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter.