Greenly Garden

Verticillium wilt: how to recognise and treat it

Disease

Verticillium wilt
Photo: Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org, CC BY 3.0 us, Wikimedia Commons

Symptoms

  • Lower, older leaves yellow first — at the margins and between the main veins — then turn brown and wither; the damage moves up the plant.
  • Wilting, often on one side of the plant or in scattered parts of it; symptoms often appear in warm weather.
  • Brown streaks inside the stem — a brown ring when cut across, brown lines when cut lengthways — instead of healthy pale tissue; chrysanthemums and roses usually lack these marks.
  • On raspberries and blackberries the fruiting canes can turn bluish-black and die as the fruit ripens.
  • Plants are stunted and may die over several weeks; trees and shrubs show branch dieback.

Organic treatment

  • No treatment cures an infected plant. Remove it with as much of the root as possible and destroy it — do not compost it.
  • Do not spread soil from around the plant on tools or boots — the fungus lives in the soil.
  • Woody plants can sometimes recover with heavy watering and a nitrogen feed over the root area — sulphate of ammonia at 25 g per m² once or twice in the growing season, hoed or watered in.

Chemical treatment

  • No chemicals are available to treat verticillium wilt.

Reference information, not a guarantee. Read and follow the label of any product: dose, safety and the days to wait before harvest.

Prevention

  • Grow resistant varieties — tomato varieties marked "V" resist the disease.
  • Buy healthy plants and do not plant susceptible crops where the disease has occurred; the fungus survives in the soil for years.
  • Clear all crop remains, including roots, after harvest; solarise the soil before planting where the disease is known.
  • Control weeds — some are hosts without showing symptoms.
  • Keep plants vigorous with good care; stressed plants show damage sooner.

Plants it affects

Sources

Figures checked against these sources.

  1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verticillium_wilt
  2. es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verticilosis
  3. agrarii-razom.com.ua/plant-diseases/vyanennya-verticilozne-sunici
  4. agroretail.com.ua/ru/vertytsylleznoe-uviadanye-skrytaia-uhroza-dlia-rastenyi-ru
  5. rhs.org.uk/disease/verticillium-wilt
  6. ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/GARDEN/VEGES/DISEASES/tomvertwilt.html
  7. ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/GARDEN/FLOWERS/DISEASE/verticilliumwilt.html
  8. ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r116100111.html
  9. ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/GARDEN/FRUIT/DISEASE/vertwilt.html
  10. ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/peppers/verticillium-wilt/
  11. ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/strawberry/verticillium-wilt/